ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is reported to occur in 4 percent to 32 percent of the patients with chronic liver disease and is associated with poor liver function and shortened patient survival before and after liver transplantation. AIMS: To assess the frequency of hepatopulmonary syndrome in Brazilian patients with decompensated chronic liver disease and to investigate its impact on patient survival. METHODS: One hundred and thirty patients (101 males, mean age 61 ± 12 years) with decompensated chronic liver disease were evaluated for the presence of hepatopulmonary syndrome. The diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome was considered in the presence of alveolar arterial oxygen gradient of more than 15 mm Hg and of pulmonary vascular dilatation assessed by contrast enhanced echocardiography. RESULTS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome was observed in 21 (16 percent) patients. The presence of hepatopulmonary syndrome was significantly associated with severity of liver disease assessed by the MELD (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease) score, but not with in hospital mortality after admission due to decompensated chronic liver disease. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome occurs in 16 percent of patients with chronic liver disease and is associated with disease severity according to the MELD score. Short term mortality following decompensation of chronic liver disease was not associated with hepatopulmonary syndrome.
RACIONAL: A síndrome hepatopulmonar ocorre em 4 por cento a 32 por cento dos pacientes com doença crônica parenquimatosa do fígado e está associada à gravidade da doença hepática e menor sobrevida antes e após o transplante hepático. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a freqüência da síndrome hepatopulmonar em pacientes brasileiros hospitalizados com doença crônica parenquimatosa do fígado descompensada e investigar o seu impacto na sobrevida intra-hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Cento e trinta doentes (101 homens, idade média 61 ± 12 anos) com doença crônica parenquimatosa do fígado descompensada foram avaliados quanto à presença de síndrome hepatopulmonar. O diagnóstico de síndrome hepatopulmonar foi considerado na presença de aumento do gradiente alvéolo arterial de oxigênio maior que 15 mm Hg e de dilatação vascular pulmonar avaliada pelo ecocardiografia com microbolhas. RESULTADOS: Síndrome hepatopulmonar foi observada em 21 (16 por cento) dos doentes. Sua presença foi associada à gravidade da doença hepática avaliada pela pontuação MELD, mas não com mortalidade intra-hospitalar. CONCLUSÕES: A síndrome hepatopulmonar ocorre em 16 por cento dos pacientes hospitalizados com doença crônica parenquimatosa do fígado, estando associada à gravidade da doença hepática. Mortalidade a curto prazo por descompensação da doença crônica parenquimatosa do fígado não foi associada à presença de síndrome hepatopulmonar.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hospital Mortality , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/mortality , Liver Diseases/mortality , Chronic Disease , Echocardiography/methods , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/diagnosis , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/epidemiology , Hepatopulmonary Syndrome/etiology , Image Enhancement , Liver Diseases/complications , Prevalence , Respiratory Function Tests , Severity of Illness Index , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the detection of coronary artery disease in patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB). METHODS: Thirty one patients (24 male, 62.3 +/- 10.5 years) with RBBB, submitted to myocardial perfusion scintigraphy associated with exercise (n = 7) or dipyridamole (n = 24) and previous cinecoronariography were studied retrospectively. Left ventricle scintigraphic image was divided in three segments corresponding to the three main epicardic coronary territories in a total of 93 segments. Cineangiographic and scintigraphic data were then compared according to the different artery territories. RESULTS: Twenty three patients had significant lesions (> or = 60) in one or more coronary arteries and eight had no obstruction. Forty nine segments were irrigated by normal coronary arteries and 44 were related to arteries that had significant lesions. Twenty out of twenty three patients showed alterations in perfusion (sensitivity = 87). All patients without coronary obstructions showed normal perfusion scintigraphy (specificity = 100). One of the segments perfused by normal coronaries showed abnormal scintigraphy. Scintigraphy showed perfusion defects in 29 out of 44 segments with coronary obstructions. Sensitivity and specificity of the method for each arterial territory were 72and 100(left descending coronary artery), 67and 94(right coronary artery), 55and 100(circunflex coronary artery), respectively. CONCLUSION: The presence of RBBB does not modify the sensitivity and specificity of the method in the detection of coronary artery disease.